Chemical synthesis, characterization and applications of TiO2/GOx Bioconjugates system

Abstract

 Nanoparticles are particles with properties that differ from their bulk counterparts and

have a size between 1 and 100 nm (NPs). Nanoparticles have recently been used in a variety of scientific sectors. NPs are typically created unchecked in huge quantities and in bigger sizes, posing a threat to the environment when released as aggregates. Capping or stabilizing substances are required in the creation of nanoparticles to improve biological functionality, avoid nanoparticle clustering or agglomeration, improve colloidal stability, and inhibit uncontrolled nanoparticle development. The functionality, particle size, shape, magnetic, and optical properties of nanoparticles are all affected by the capping agent used. The bioconjugate of nanoparticles is critical for biomedical applications such as drug delivery in cancer therapy, hyperthermia, contrast agent magnetic resonance imaging, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antibacterial activity. As a potential capping agent, biocompatible, benign, and biodegradable surfactants are used. By employing a simple chemical process, we were able to successfully synthesis TiO2 nanoparticles and Glucose oxide (GOx) immobilised on TiO2 nanoparticles, which we then analyzed using UV visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR techniques. After doping with GOx, TEM revealed a drop in the crystalline size of TiO2 nanoparticles (from 25–30 nm to 15–20 nm). To examine the therapeutic potential of both types of TiO2 nanoparticles and GOx immobilised on TiO2 nanoparticles, antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed   in vitro. The addition of GOx as a doping agent to TiO2 nanoparticles significantly improves both biological activities. Out of the several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolates employed in this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to be the most vulnerable bacterial strain. Aspergillus flavus has been found to have good fungicidal action. This study reveals that GOx immobilised TiO2 nanoparticles are more effective than undoped TiO2 nanoparticles, as evidenced by several biological experiments. As a result, GOx-doped TiO2 nanoparticles have a greater chance of being used in biomedicine to treat a variety of ailments.