LIVING WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF PATIENTS' VIEWS ON SELF-CARE
Keywords:
Diabetes self-care, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Pakistani adults, barriers, family support, healthcare providers.Abstract
This qualitative research aimed to comprehensively explore the perceptions, behaviors and barriers of self-care for type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban Pakistani adult populace. We also gathered data from 20 participants recruited through outpatient departments of some hospitals in Karachi and stopped collecting information at saturation. The themes were inductively derived through an independent thematic analysis conducted by the researcher. Two main factors emerged from the findings reflecting difficulties experienced by patients with self-care for diabetes, quite intertwined and mostly related to ones own situation and comprehension toward their disease. Conclusions: The study emphasized the importance of family support and education by health care providers, which have a positive impact on self-care practices among people with diabetes in Pakistan. This study gives information on the views and issues associated with self-care practices in this population, thereby guiding healthcare providers as well as policy makers to better understand its role towards improved diabetes care in urban areas of Pakistan.
Downloads
References
Amirudin, N., Panting, A. J., Kassim, R., Aimanan, S. N. M., & Ithnain, N. (2023). Identifying
Information, Motivation & Behavioral Factors and Its’ Relation to Diabetes Self-Care: A
Qualitative Study among People with T2DM. International Journal of Nursing and Health
Services (IJNHS), 6(4), 280-291.
Abro, A., Jamali, N. M., Anjum, M. S., & Kibria, A. (2023). Exploring Entrepreneurs' Motivation
for Engaging in Crowdfunding and its Potential Outcomes in Pakistan. International Research
Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 36-49.
Anjum, D. M. S., Kibria, A., Ahmed, S., & Alam, A. M. (2023). Exploring the Factors and Effect
of Sustainable Reverse Logistic Capabilities in The Petrochemical Industry of
Pakistan. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(2), 50–63.
Ansari, R. M., Harris, M. F., Hosseinzadeh, H., & Zwar, N. (2021). Applications of a Chronic Care
Model for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Analysis. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10840.
Ansari, R. M., Harris, M. F., Hosseinzadeh, H., & Zwar, N. (2022). Experiences of diabetes selfmanagement: a focus group study among the middle-aged population of rural Pakistan with Type
diabetes. Diabetology, 3(1), 17-29.
Ansari, R. M., Harris, M. F., Hosseinzadeh, H., & Zwar, N. (2022). Implementation of chronic
care model for diabetes self-management: a quantitative analysis. Diabetology, 3(3), 407-422.
Ansari, R. M., Harris, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., & Zwar, N. (2021). Healthcare professionals’
perspectives of patients’ experiences of the self-management of type 2 diabetes in the rural areas
of pakistan: A qualitative analysis. International journal of environmental research and public
health, 18(18), 9869.
Arsh, A., Afaq, S., Carswell, C., Coales, K., & Siddiqi, N. (2023). Barriers & facilitators to
physical activity in people with depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: A qualitative
study to explore perspectives of patient participants, carers and healthcare staff. Mental Health
and Physical Activity, 25, 100542.
Asmat, K., Dhamani, K., Gul, R., & Froelicher, E. S. (2022). The effectiveness of patient-centered
care vs. usual care in type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Frontiers in public health, 10, 994766.
Bukhsh, A., Goh, B. H., Zimbudzi, E., Lo, C., Zoungas, S., Chan, K. G., & Khan, T. M. (2020).
Type 2 diabetes patients' perspectives, experiences, and barriers toward diabetes-related self-care:
a qualitative study from Pakistan. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 534873.
Butt, S., Mubeen, I., & Yazdani, N. (2024). Exploring the Lived Experiences of Individuals to
manage and Cope with Type 2 Diabetes applying IPA. Pakistan Languages and Humanities
Review, 8(2), 526-539.
Gupta, S. K., Lakshmi, P. V. M., Chakrapani, V., Rastogi, A., & Kaur, M. (2024). Understanding
the diabetes self-care behaviour in rural areas: Perspective of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
and healthcare professionals. Plos one, 19(2), e0297132.
Hill, A., Ellis, M., & Gillison, F. (2022). Qualitative exploration of patient and healthcare
professional perspectives on barriers and facilitators to foot self-care behaviors in diabetes. BMJ
Open Diabetes Research and Care, 10(6), e003034.
Kibria, A., & Siddiqui, M. B. (2022). An analysis of the Pakistani banking industry's performance
in relation to Islamic and conventional banking. International Research Journal of Management
and Social Sciences, 3(3), 31-39.
Kibria, A., & Siddiqui, M. B. (2022). Interactive Intentions of Consumers to Adopt Islamic
Banking in Pakistan. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(4),
-23.
Kibria, A., Junejo, I., Siddique, M., & Banbhan, A. A. (2020). The Impact of Islamic Work Ethics
on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Work Performance. International Journal of
Management (IJM), 11(12).
Kibria, A., Kazi, D. A. S., Banbhan, D. A. A., Shahani, A. K., & Junejo, I. (2021). Investigating
linkages of performance appraisal, employee promotion and job satisfaction with employee
performance in banking sector of Pakistan. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and
Government, 27(2), 3749-3757.
Malik, S., Khaliq, I. H., Mahmood, H. Z., Khaqan, S., Abdullah, Y., Rasheed, N., & Zaman, S.
(2020). Self-management practices among type 2 diabetes patients attending physicians and
pharmacists: An exploratory study from Lahore, Pakistan. Ethiopian Journal of Health
Development, 34(3).
Nixon, A. L., Leonardi-Bee, J., Wang, H., & Chattopadhyay, K. (2021). Barriers and facilitators
to type 2 diabetes management in the Caribbean region: a qualitative systematic review. JBI
Evidence Synthesis, 19(5), 911-965.
Othman, M. M., Al-Wattary, N. A., Khudadad, H., Dughmosh, R., Furuya-Kanamori, L., Doi, S.
A., & Daher-Nashif, S. (2022). Perspectives of persons with type 2 Diabetes toward diabetes selfmanagement: A qualitative study. Health Education & Behavior, 49(4), 680-688.
Patel, T., Umeh, K., Poole, H., Vaja, I., & Newson, L. (2021). Cultural identity conflict informs
engagement with self-management Behaviours for south Asian patients living with Type-2
diabetes: a critical interpretative synthesis of qualitative research studies. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2641.
Peng, X., Guo, X., Li, H., Wang, D., Liu, C., & Du, Y. (2022). A qualitative exploration of selfmanagement behaviors and influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in
endocrinology, 13, 771293.
Shah, B. A., Muhammad, D., Ajmal, H., & Karim, S. (2023). Knowledge and Practices of Patients
Regarding Diabetes Self-Management: A Mixed Method Approach: Knowledge and Practices
Regarding Diabetes Self-Management. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 156-162.
Tariq, O., Rosten, C., & Huber, J. (2022). Experiences of living with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan:
the role of culture and family in physical activity. International Journal for Equity in
Health, 21(1), 103.
Tariq, O., Rosten, C., & Huber, J. (2024). Cultural Influences on Making Nutritional Adjustments
in Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan: The Perspectives of People Living With Diabetes and Their Family
Members. Qualitative Health Research, 34(6), 562-578.
Zeb, H., Younas, A., Ahmed, I., & Ali, A. (2021). Self‐care experiences of Pakistani patients with
COPD and the role of family in self‐care: a phenomenological inquiry. Health & social care in the
community, 29(5), e174-e183.
Zoungas, S., Chan, K. G., & Khan, T. M. (2022). Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Perspectives,
Experiences, and Barriers Toward Diabetes-Related Self-Care: A Qualitative Study From
Pakistan. Achieving Efficient Diabetes Care Now Through Understanding the Risk Factors,
Markers, and Patient's Experiences.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.