Socio-Demographic, Physical and Clinical Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Patients in Pakistan
Keywords:
1. Breast cancer, 2. Pakistan, 3. Socio-demographic factors, 4. Risk factors, 5. Comparative study, 6. Healthcare disparity, 7. Statistical analysisAbstract
With high incidence rates seen globally but disproportionately higher death rates in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, breast cancer is a serious worldwide health concern. Comprehensive local evidence on the socio-demographic, physical, and clinical risk factors unique to the Pakistani population is still lacking despite its prevalence. In order to close this gap, this study will identify and clarify the complex range of risk factors linked to the development of breast cancer in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic and risk factors in breast cancer patients from local population of Pakistan so that potential disparity in healthcare access and outcomes can be identified.
Downloads
References
Cohen, S. Y., Stoll, C. R., Anandarajah, A., Doering, M., & Colditz, G. A. (2023). Modifiable
risk factors in women at high risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer
Research, 25(1), 45.
Fakhri, N., Chad, M. A., Lahkim, M., Houari, A., Dehbi, H., Belmouden, A., & El Kadmiri, N.
(2022). Risk factors for breast cancer in women: an update review. Medical Oncology,
(12), 197.
Fan, L., Goss, P. E., & Strasser-Weippl, K. (2015). Current status and future projections of breast
cancer in Asia. Breast care, 10(6), 372-378.
Fathy, A., Abdelrazek, M. A., Attallah, A. M., Abouzid, A., & El-Far, M. (2024). Hepatitis C
virus may accelerate breast cancer progression by increasing mutant p53 and c-Myc
oncoproteins circulating levels. Breast Cancer, 37(1), 116-123.
Katsura, C., Ogunmwonyi, I., Kankam, H. K., & Saha, S. (2022). Breast cancer: presentation,
investigation and management. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 83(2), 1-7.
Khan, N. H., Duan, S.-F., Wu, D.-D., & Ji, X.-Y. (2021). Better reporting and awareness
campaigns needed for breast cancer in Pakistani women. Cancer Management and
Research, 2125-2129.
Kim, S., Tran, T. X. M„ Kim, M. K., Chung, M. S„ Lee, E. H„ Lee, W„ & Park, B. (2024).
Associations between breast cancer risk factors and mammographic breast density in a
large cross-section of Korean women. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10.1097.
Kulothungan, V., Ramamoorthy, T., Sathishkumar, K., Mohan, R., Tomy, N., Miller, G., &
Mathur, P. (2024). Burden of female breast cancer in India: estimates of YLDs, YLLs,
and DALYs at national and subnational levels based on the national cancer registry
programme. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 1-10.
Mubarik, S., Malik, S. S., Wang, Z., Li, C., Fawad, M., & Yu, C. (2019). Recent insights into
breast cancer incidence trends among four Asian countries using age-period-cohort
model. Cancer Management and Research, 8145-8155.
Najm, G. H. (2024). Uncovering Risks: A Breast Cancer Study at Al-Yarmouk Teaching
Hospital. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(5),
-319.
Nandakumar, A., Rath, G. K., Kataki, A. C., Bapsy, P. P., Gupta, P. C., Gangadharan, P., . . .
Vallikad, E. (2017). Decreased survival with mastectomy vis-a-vis breast-conserving
surgery in stage II and III breast cancers: a comparative treatment effectiveness study.
Journal of Global Oncology, 3(4), 304-313.
Nicolis, O., De Los Angeles, D., & Taramasco, C. (2024). A contemporary review of breast
cancer risk factors and the role of artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Oncology, 14,
Padamsee, T. J., Bijou, C., Swinehart-Hord, P., Hils, M., Muraveva, A., Meadows, R. J., . . .
Paskett, E. D. (2024). Risk-management decision-making data from a community-based
sample of racially diverse women at high risk of breast cancer: rationale, methods, and sample characteristics of the Daughter Sister Mother Project survey. Breast Cancer
Research, 26(1), 8.
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F.
(2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3),
-249.
Tahir, F. N., Nawaz, H., Sikandar, M. Z., & Shah, S. I. A. (2019). A comparative study of
regular almond consumption’s effect on lipid profile in normal, Overweight and Obese
adults. The Professional Medical Journal, 26(12), 2116-2121.
Thomas, N. S., Scalzo, R. L., & Wellberg, E. A. (2024). Diabetes mellitus in breast cancer
survivors: Metabolic effects of endocrine therapy. Nature Reviews Endocrinology’, 20( 1),
-26.
Weth, F. R., Hoggarth, G. B., Weth, A. F., Paterson, E., White, M. P., Tan, S. T., . . . Gray, C.
(2024). Unlocking hidden potential: advancements, approaches, and obstacles in
repurposing drugs for cancer therapy. British Journal of Cancer, 130(5), 703-715.
Wilkinson, L., & Gathani, T. (2022). Understanding breast cancer as a global health concern.
The British Journal of Radiology’, 95(1130), 20211033.
Xiong, F., Dai, Q., Zhang, S., Bent, S., Tahir, P., Van Blarigan, E. L., . . . Graff, R. E. (2024).
Diabetes and incidence of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes: A systematic review
and meta-analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(1), e3709.
Yu, S., Qiu, X., Wang, Z., Xiao, J., Ji, H., Shan, H., . . . Li, J. (2024). Breast cancer risk
associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in the Eastern Chinese
population. Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy, 2, E01-E26.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.