Burnout, Spiritual Well-Being, and Life Satisfaction Among General Surgeons of Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore
Keywords:
Burnout, Spiritual Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, General Surgeons, Lahore.Abstract
The current study investigated the relationship between burnout, spiritual well-being, and life satisfaction among general surgeons of tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Predictors of life satisfaction were also explored. A correlational research design and survey method were used. The sample size was determined online using the G. Power calculator on a twotailed test with a medium effect size of N=100 general surgeons approached through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from January to March 2023 through the paper-pencil method consisting of a demographic information sheet, burnout inventory, spiritual well-being, and life satisfaction. Software of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used. The age ranges of the participants varied from 25 to 40 years, with 56 women and 44 men. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients of the scales were found to be excellent on the current sample. Results of the Person Product Moment correlation showed that burnout has a significant inverse relationship with spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. Spiritual well-being has a significant positive relationship with life satisfaction. Burnout, spiritual well-being, and demographic variables significantly predicted life satisfaction among general surgeons. Implications of the study will be discussed in the cultural context of Pakistan.
Downloads
References
Abdelhadi Ibrahim, B., Mostafa, M., & Hussein, S. M. (2022). Professional quality of life among physicians of tertiary care hospitals: An Egyptian cross-sectional study. Journal of Public
Health Research,11(2), 2010-2021.
Adams, S. T, Rana, Z., Bryce, R., & Christian, E (2018). A cross-sectional online
evaluation of burnout risk factors among general surgical residents in
Canada. International Journal of Academic Medicine,4(1), 35-49.
Al-Ghunaim, T. A., Johnson, J., Biyani, C. S., Alshahrani, K. M.,
Dunning, A., & O'Connor, D. B. (2022). Surgeon burnout, impact
on patient safety and professionalism: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. The American Journal of Surgery,224(1), 228-238.
Anjum, W., Sarfraz Mahmood, D. Z. Q., Ehsaan, M. S., & Ullah, A.
(2020). Work-Life Balance, Spiritual Well-Being, And Life
Satisfaction Among Residents of General Surgery. Work, 14(7).
Atif, K., Khan, H. U., & Maqbool, S. (2015). Job satisfaction among
doctors is a multi-faceted subject studied at a tertiary care hospital
in Lahore—Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 31(3), 610.
Bari, A., Kamran, R., Haroon, F., & Bano, I. (2019). Burnout among
pediatric residents and junior consultants working at a tertiary care
hospital. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 35(1), 45.
Bartholomew, A. J., Houk, A. K., Pulcrano, M., Shara, N. M., Kwagyan, J., Jackson,
P. G., & Sosin, M. (2018). Meta-analysis of surgeon burnout syndrome and
specialty differences. Journal of Surgical Education,75(5), 1256-1263.
Busis, N. A., Shanafelt, T. D., Keran, C. M., Levin, K. H., Schwarz, H. B.,
Molano, J. R., ... & Cascino, T. L. (2017). Burnout, career
satisfaction, and well-being among US neurologists in 2016.
Neurology, 88(8), 797-808.
Chellaiyan, D. V. G., Gupta, S., Britto, J. J., & Kamble, B. (2022). Job satisfaction
among resident doctors of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Delhi.Indian
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,26(3),151.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. Handbook
of theories of social psychology, 1(20), 416-436.Fredrickson, B. L.
(2004). The broaden-and-build theory of
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985).The satisfaction
with life scale.Journal of Personality Assessment,49(1),71-75.
Ellis, R. J., Nicolas, J. D., Cheung, E., Zhang, L., Ma, M., Turner, P., ... &
Hu, Y. Y. (2021). Comprehensive characterization of the general
surgery residency learning environment and the association with
resident burnout. Annals of Surgery,274(1), 6-11.
Elmore, L. C., Jaffe, D. B., Jin, L., Awad, M. M., & Turnbull, I. R. (2016).
A national survey of burnout among US general surgery residents.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 223(3), 440-451.
Engelhardt, K. E., Bilimoria, K. Y., Johnson, J. K., Hewitt, D. B., Ellis, R.
J., Hu, Y. Y., ... & Odell, D. D. (2020). A national mixed-methods
evaluation of preparedness for general surgery residency and the
association with resident burnout. JAMA surgery, 155(9),851-859.
Fisher, J., & Ng, D. (2017). Presenting a 4-item spiritual well-being index
(4-ISWBI). Religions, 8(9), 179.
Fung, K. W., Xu, J., Ameye, F., Burelle, L., & MacNeil, J. (2022). Evaluation of
the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) in
coding common surgical procedures. Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association,29(1), 43-51.
Ghazanfar, H., Chaudhry, M. T., Asar, Z. U., Zahid, U., Chaudhry, M. T.,
& Asar, Z. U. (2018). Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and
compassion fatigue in cardiac physicians working in tertiary care
cardiac hospitals in Pakistan. Cureus, 10(10).
Headey, B. (2007). Happiness: Revising set-point theory and dynamic
equilibrium theory to account for long-term change. Journal of
Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch, (1), 85-94.
Hobfoil, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication
for stress, health, and resilience. The Oxford handbook of stress,
health, and coping, 127, 147.
Hughes, D., Burke, D., Hickie, L, Wilson, A., & Tobin, M. (2002). Advanced training in adult psychiatry. Australasian Psychiatry, 10(1), 6-10.
Jesuyajolu, D., Nicholas, A., Okeke, C., Obi, C., Aremu, G., Obiekwe, K.,
& Obinna, I. (2022). Burnout among surgeons and surgical trainees:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and
associated factors. Surgery in Practice and Science, 10, 100094.
Johnson, H. M., Irish, W.,Strassle, P. D., Mahoney,S. T.,Schroen, A.T., Josef, A.
P.,... & Brownstein, M. R. (2020).Associations between careersatisfaction,
personal life factors, and work-life integration practices among US
surgeons by gender. JAMA surgery,155(8), 742-750.
Kumar, S. (2016). Burnout and doctors: prevalence, prevention, and
intervention. In Healthcare (4) 3-37).
Imore, L. C., Jaffe, D. B., Jin, L., Awad, M. M., & Turnbull, I. R. (2016). A
national survey of burnout among US general surgery residents.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 223(3'), 440-451.
Low, Z. X., Yeo, K. A., Sharma, V. K., Leung, G. K., McIntyre, R. S.,
Guerrero, A., ... & Ho, R. C. (2019). Prevalence of burnout in
medical and surgical residents: a meta-analysis. International
journal of environmental research and public health, 16(9), 1479.
Lucas-Guerrero, V., Pascua-Sole, M., Rodriguez, J. L. R., Borras, A. T., de
Pedro, C. G., Navalon, J. M. J., ... & Serra-Aracil, X. (2020). Burnout
in general surgery residents. A survey from the Spanish Association
of Surgeons. Cirugia Espanola (English Edition), 98(8), 442-449.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2006). Burnout. Stress and quality of working
life: current perspectives in occupational health, 37, 42-49.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach burnout
inventory. Scarecrow Education.
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of
personality: reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and
invariance in personality structure. Psychological review,102(2),246.
Mullins, C. H., Gleason, F., Wood, T., Baker, S. J., Cortez, A. R., Lovasik,
B., & Lindeman, B. (2020). Do internal or external characteristics
more reliably predict burnout in resident physicians: a multiinstitutional study—Journal of surgical education,77(6), 86-93.
Ogawa, R., Seo, E., Maeno, T., Ito, M., Sanuki, M., & Maeno, T. (2018). The
relationship between long working hours and depression among firstyear residents in Japan. BMC Medical Education, 18,1-8.
Oldham, G. R., Hackman, J. R., Smith, K. G., & Hitt, M. A. (2005). How
job characteristics theory happened. Great minds in management:
The process of theory development, pp. 151-170.
Patel, R., Huggard, P., & van Toledo, A. (2017). Occupational stress and
burnout among surgeons in Fiji. Frontiers in public health, pp. 5, 41.
Luhmann, M., & Intelisano, S. (2018). Hedonic adaptation and the set
point for subjective well-being. Handbook of well-being.
Proctor, C., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., & Port, G. (2017). Life satisfaction.
Encyclopedia of Adolescence,2(1), s2165-2176.
Rodrigues, H., Cobucci, R., Oliveira, A., Cabral, J. V., Medeiros, L., Gurgel, K., ...
& Goncalves, A. K. (2018). Burnout syndrome among medical residents:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 13(11), e0206840.
Saravanabavan, L., Sivakumar, M. N., & Hisham, M. (2019). Stress and burnout
among intensive care unit healthcare professionals in an Indian tertiary
care hospital. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine: peer-reviewed,
official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine,23(10),462.
Sarwar, S., Mahmood, A., Raja, M. F., &Mahmud, Y. (2023). Burnout and HealthRelated Quality of Life among Emergency Physicians at Tertiary Care
Hospitalin Lahore Pakistan.Pakistan journalofmedical sciences,39(5),1372.
Schaufeli, W. B., Enzmann, D., & Girault, N. (2017). Measurement of
burnout: A review. Professional burnout, 199-215.
Shanafelt, T. D., Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., &Sinsky, C. A. (2016, November).
Potential impact of burnout on the US physician workforce. In Mayo
Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 91, No. 11, pp. 1667-1668). Elsevier.
Siegrist, J. (2016). Effort-reward imbalance model. In Stress: Concepts,
cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 81-86). Academic Press.
Sinbukhova, E., Protsenko, D., Petrikov, S., Afiikov, L, Sinbukhova, N., Shabanov,
A., ... & Lubnin, A. (2022). Well-being, life satisfaction and burnout in
employees of anesthesiology and intensive care departments in Russia.
Serbian Journal of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy,44(1-2),27-39.
Singh, A., Singh, N., Dixit, S., Kaur, S., Chellaiyan, V., & Alfred, J. (2021).
Satisfaction with life among MBBS students and resident doctors of
a tertiary hospital in South Delhi. International Journal of
Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(12), 5843.
Upton, D., Mason, V., Doran, B., Solowiej, K., Shiralkar, U., & Shiralkar,
S. (2012). The experience of burnout across different surgical
specialties in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional survey.
Surgery, 151(4), 493-501.
Wachholtz, A., & Rogoff, M. (2013). The relationship between spirituality
and burnout among medical students. Journal of Contemporary
Medical Education, 1(2),83.
Zaman, B. S., Ghouri, R. G., Ali, M. M., & Ahmed, R. M. (2020). Impact of
burnout among surgeons and residents at a Tertiary Care Hospital of
Pakistan. The Professional Medical Journal,27(11), 2523-2528.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.