Legal regulation of the supply of medicines to the army and the public in the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century*
Keywords:
history of medicine, apothecary business, apothecary legislation, supply of medicines, healthcare lawAbstract
e have attempted to identify the main trends in the policy of the government of the Russian Empire regarding the supply of medicines to the army and the public in the first half of the nineteenth century. An analysis of resolutions and ukases of the first half of the nineteenth century shows that, with the advent of the political concepts of medical police and cameralism, the Russian state took responsibility for its citizens’ lives and health.
his meant providing them with health care, including formulated medicines and imported medicinal plants. The main trends in legal policy regarding health care in this period were the expansion of the network of apothecaries,the professionalisation of their activities, the establishment of state control over the prices and quality of medicinal materials, and the prioritisation of potential patients depending on their benefits to the state. Public officials were guaranteed the opportunity to receive health care from state doctors and medicines from state apothecaries by law. The rest of the population paid for their treatment and medicines themselves. Representatives of the military authorities, who not only defended the Russian state against internal and external enemies, but also took part in the fight against epidemics, were in the most privileged position. They were treated with medicines from a reserve apothecary. Large-scale and expensive purchases for this were more than once the object of conflict and disputes among military administrators.
Downloads
References
Afanasieva KV (2011) Sostoyanie voenno- morskoy meditsiny v tsarstvovanie Aleksandra I [State of naval medicine
during the reign of Alexander I]. Nauka, tekhnologiya
i obshchestvo vo vremya Pervoy mirovoy voyny: Meditsina
[Science, technology and society during the First World
War: Medicine]. Ed. L. A. Bulgakova. Saint- Petersburg:
Nestor- Istoriya. P. 226–251. (In Russ.)
Chakrabarti P (2010) Materials and medicine: trade, conquest and therapeutics in the eighteenth century. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Egorysheva IV, Goncharova SG (2016) K 200-letiyu Imperatorskogo Chelovekolyubivogo obshchestva (1816)
[To bicentenary of the Emperor philantropic society (1816)]. Zdravookhranenie Rossiyskoy Federatsii
[Health Care oft he Russian Federation, Russian journal]
(6): 325–328. (In Russ.)
Fedotov NP, Mendrina GI (1975) Ocherk istorii meditsiny i zdravoohraneniya Sibiri [Essay on the history of
medicine and healthcare in Siberia]. Tomsk: Izdatelstvo
tomskogo universiteta. 260 p. (In Russ.)
Griffin C (2017) Bureaucracy and knowledge creation: the
apothecary chancery. Information and Empire: mechanisms of communication in Russia, 1600–1850. Open
Book Publishers. P. 255–285.
Griffin C (2020) Disentangling commodity histories:
Pauame and sassafras in the early modern global world.
Journal of Global History 15 (1): 1‒18.
Koroteeva NN (2006) Istoriya farmatsii (16 ‒ nachalo
vv.). [History of pharmacy (16th ‒ early 20th century)]. Kursk: Kurskiy gosudarstvenny universitet. 303 p.
(In Russ.)
Kutuzov MI (1950–1956) Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Collection of documents and materials].
Ed. L. G. Beskrovnyy. Moscow: Voennoe izdatelstvo.
(In Russ.)
Poddubnyy MV, Egorysheva IV, Sherstneva EV, Blokhina NN, Goncharova SG (2014) Istoriya zdravookhraneniya dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii (konets 16‒nachalo 20 v.)
[The history of healthcare in pre-revolutionary Russia
(late 16th‒early 20th century)]. Ed. R. U. Khabriev. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media. 248 p. (In Russ.)
Renner A (2010) Russische Autokratie und Europäische
Medizin. Organisierter Wissenstransfer im 18. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 373 s.
Smirnova EM (2010) Aptechnoe delo v Yaroslavskoy gubernii (18 ‒ seredina 19 vv.) [Pharmaceutical activities
in the Yaroslavl province (18th ‒ the middle of 19th c.)].
Novyy istoricheskiy vestnik [The New Historical Bulletin] 3 (25): 5–15. (In Russ.)
Sherstneva EV, Egorysheva IV (2017) Lekarstvennoe obespechenie grazhdanskogo naseleniya Rossii v 17‒nachale
veka [Medicines for the civilian population of Russia
in the 17th‒early 20th centuries]. Moscow: Shiko. 168 p.
(In Russ.)
Stotchik AM, Zatravkin SN (2012) Prakticheskaya meditsina
i ee reformirovanie v 17–19 vekakh. Soobshchenie 2.
Stanovlenie klinicheskoy meditsiny [The practical medicine and its reformation in 17th‒19th centuries. Report 2:
the becoming of clinical medicine]. Problemy sotsialnoy
gigieny, zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny [Problems
of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine] 2: 58–60. (In Russ.)
Stochik AM, Zatravkin SN, Stochik AA (2013a) Vozniknovenie profilakticheskoy meditsiny v processe
nauchnykh revolutsyy 17‒19 vekov [The emergence
of preventive medicine in the process of scientific revolutions of the 17th‒19th centuries]. Moscow: Shiko.
p. (In Russ.)
Stotchik AM, Zatravkin SN, Stotchik AA (2013b) Stanovlenie gosudarstvennoy meditsiny (vtoraya polovina
‒ pervaya polovina 19 veka). Soobshchenie 1. Vozniknovenie kontseptsii meditsinskoy politsii, organov
upravleniya mediko- sanitarnym delom, vrachebnosanitarnogo zakonodatelstva [The becoming of public
medicine (second half of 18th – first half of 19th centuries). Report 1: the origin of concept of medical police,
governing bodies of medical sanitary business, physician sanitary legislation]. Problemy sotsialnoy gigieny,
zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny [Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine]
: 44–48. (In Russ.)
Varadinov NV (1858‒1863) Istoriya Ministerstva Vnutrennikh Del [History of the Ministry of Internal Affairs].
Pt. 1‒3. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva Vnutrennikh Del. (In Russ.)
Vishlenkova EA (2017) Vremya khaosa ili vremya stroitelstva?: Organizatsiya rossiyskoy meditsiny v nachale 19
veka [Time of chaos or time of construction?: The organization of Russian medicine in the beginning of the
th century]. Professiya – istorik (k yubileyu L. P. Repinoy) [Profession – a historian (to the anniversary of
L. P. Repina)]. Moscow: Akvilon. P. 212–245. (In Russ.)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
