This article reviews the problems of the status of surgery in Medieval Europe and the model of surgical education in Italy and France. If in Italy the chirurgery was one of the university-taught disciplines, in France during the 12th century, The College of St. Cosmas was established, which prepared highly qualifi ed surgeons. Although this college was in constant confrontation with the University of Paris, some subjects however, such as anatomy for example, were taught in both educational facilities.