The author of the article analyzes the main trends of the development of Soviet medicine, which had an impact on science and popular science literature, and highlights the key points determining the evolution of healthcare in 1918–1935. The main source used is bibliographical indices “Knizhnaya letopis” [Book chronicle] and “Kniga v SSSR” [Books in USSR], which contain data on almost all the medical books, published in the RSFSR/USSR. In the course of the study, 10276 monographs and collections of articles were analyzed