The paper examines the features of the establishment and development of endoscopic neurosurgery in the first three stages of its history: rigid (1795–1932), semi-flexible (1932–1958), and in the early fibre-optic period (1958–1981). It also examines the discussion surrounding ideas and techniques of surgical approach in neurosurgery. The era of endoscopic examination in surgery began between the late 18th century and the early 19th century (Philipp Bozzini, 1795; Pierre Salomon Ségalas, 1826; John Dix Fisher, 1827).