The purpose of this article is an interdisciplinary comparative historical analysis of historical, ethnographic and sociological studies of maternity culture in Russia between the 19th and 21st centuries. The topic was first announced in the 19th century in ethnographic and historical medical studies. An interdisciplinary framework was laid: ethnographers focused on studying the traditional maternity culture, and medical historians concentrated on the development of professional obstetrics. From the 1920s, the superiority of Soviet obstetrics was being substantiated in historical and medical works