One of the topical issues in medicine remains identifying the historically proven causes of the emergence of hospital care. Historiography holds an opinion about the bloom of this socio-medical phenomenon between the IV and V centuries. At the same time the circumstances that aff ected its rapid development have not yet been exhaustively researched. This article presents historical facts, which support the key role of the Christian philosophy in the institutionalization of providing the medico-social assistance in the III century