Pharmacognosy, the study of natural products and their applications in medicine, plays a crucial role in modern drug discovery and development. This paper explores the interconnection between pharmacognosy, traditional knowledge, and biodiversity conservation, emphasizing the need for sustainable use of natural resources. Traditional knowledge provides valuable insights into the medicinal properties of plants and other natural products, but it faces challenges such as cultural erosion and biopiracy. Sustainable harvesting practices and effective policy frameworks are essential to balance conservation and utilization. Enhancing collaboration among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, and indigenous communities, is vital for integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research and achieving sustainable biodiversity conservation. This paper highlights the importance of an integrated approach to ensure that natural resources are used responsibly, benefiting both current and future generations