This article presents the biography of the outstanding biologist Fyodor F. Talyzin (1903–1980), one of the leading Russian parasitologists of the 20th century, a corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, a talented teacher and a populariser of science. Among Professor Talyzin’s numerous achievements are his participation in the elimination of infectious outbreaks (plague, tick-borne rickettsiosis), the discovery of a new species of tapeworm in humans and the study of this type of parasite, the study of the effects of tapeworm on the human body in experiments with self-contamination, the development of a method for manufacturing anti-ophidic serum, participation in the creation of poliomyelitis vaccine production, and the creation of teaching aids for medical students