The article deals with the moments related to the birth and development of military medicine in the pre-revolutionary TransBaikal region (Transbaikalia). The first military formations with permanent dislocation in this region appeared in the first half of the 18th century (from the moment of the final consolidation of the territory of Transbaikalia for the Russian Empire). The Trans-Baikal region was interesting from the point of view of the further development of trade relations and the protection of borders