The dynamics of ulcer disease morbidity in Russia and the developed world from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century are analyzed. The recorded peaks of peptic ulcer disease morbidity in the 20th century coincide with World War I and World War II, as well as with the Great Depression. Materials from the seminal work Experience of Soviet medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945” help to clarify the particular characteristics of peptic ulcer pathomorphism during global conflict.