This study presents a brief excursion into the history of the question of ethics and morality in neurosurgery. The current contradictory situation is analyzed: a technological “explosion” in relation to methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system and a crisis of medical ethics. The most important factors in the humanization of neurosurgery are highlighted: the approach to the criteria for an ideal method of diagnosis, treatment of previously surgically inaccessible lesions, the carrying out of minimally invasive procedures, the transition from neurodestruction to neurostimulation and neuromodulation, the development of reconstructive operations, adequate anesthesia, intraoperative neuromonitoring and the possibility of prolonged monitoring of vital functions