Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling, and Molecular Identification of ESBLs producing Gram Negatives Bacterial isolates from Hospital Settings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/HM.10.2.2024.1920-1935Keywords:
AST, Multiplex PCR, ESBL, Phenotypic test, Molecular tests, PakistanAbstract
This study was inaugurated to check the frequency, antimicrobial sensitivity, and molecular identification of ESBL-developing Gram-negative bacteria. This descriptive research was conducted at private and public sector hospitals in four tehsils of District Jhang, Pakistan. The quick increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) cases among foremost Gram-negative microorganisms raises risk and is a worldwide concern. A total of 200 samples were composed from an environment of different public and private hospitals. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria by standard microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was detected by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, while the presence of ESBLs was detected by the double disc diffusion (DDST) test. PCR amplification of isolates was performed to characterize resistant genes, and statistical analysis was performed to check the significance of the data. The overall antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 28%, P. aeruginosa (39.5%), A. baumannii (23.2%), P. mirabilis (38.8%), and S. marcescens (55%). However, overall susceptibility to cephalosporins was 14.6%. PCR revealed 46 (47%) isolates confirmed positive for ESBL-encoding genes. Among these total positive ESBL genes, bla-CTX-M is in 26 (56.52%) strains, followed by bla-TEM in 13 (28.26%) strains, and bla-SHV in 5 (10.86%) strains. Only two genes, bla-CTX-M/bla-TEM, were present in 1 (2.17%) strain. Moreover, three of these genes—bla-CTX-M/bla-TEM/bla-SHV combination—were found only in 1 (2.17%). The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates has increased day by day. Isolates had a high prevalence of ESBL-encoding bla-CTX-M gene and bla-TEM and bla-SHV were prevalent
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