The work of renowned 3rd century BC Alexandrian doctor Erasistratus is significant in the history of ancient medicine. The author of the article calls into question numerous assessments of his work, which have evolved in domestic and foreign historiography. The article summarizes Erasistratus’ views on medical theory and practice, using supporting sources. The author comes to the conclusion that the natural philosophical views of Erasistratus, unlike generally accepted views, were far from the teachings of the peripatetics, and suggests that the clinical practice of Erasistratus be considered as the basis for the future development of the teaching of the school of methodologists