History of Medicine

History

An Open Access Journal

The history of the formation of Soviet cardiology as an independent scientific discipline and medical speciality, and the role of cardiac surgery in this process

V.I. Borodulin1, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

S.P. Glyantsev1,2, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

A.V. Topolyanskiy3, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

1N.A. Semashko National Public Health Research Institute, The Federal Agency for Scientifi c Institutions, Moscow (Russian Federation);

2The National Research Institute of Public Health of Bakoulev Scientifi c Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow (Russian Federation);

3The Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow (Russian Federation)

The emergence of cardiology in the USSR in the second half of the 20th century is analyzed. Its key, discipline-defining factors were: the presence of prominent leaders in domestic therapy, heading the field at the Department of Internal Medicine; the creation of specialized cardiological research institutions (the All-Russian Society of Cardiology and the All-Union Society of Cardiology); the journal “Cardiology”; and the solving of a number of major theoretical and practical problems by Soviet cardiology. This process can be divided into two stages: the 1950s and 1960s, during which cardiology formed as a scientific and training discipline; and the 1970s and 1980s, when it became a recognized medical specialty. The founder of cardiology as an independent clinical discipline was A.L. Myasnikov, and the founder of cardiology as a medical specialty was E.I. Chazov. One of the important factors that influenced the formation of domestic cardiology during this period was the emergence in the 1950s and subsequent further development of surgical methods of diagnosis and treatment of defects and heart disease. Since the 1990s, surgical treatment of heart disease has become widespread in medical practice; at the junction of cardiology and cardiac surgery, endovascular treatments for diseases of the heart and blood vessels have emerged and developed.

Keywords: history of medicine, cardiology, cardiac surgery, stages of the USSR cardiology development

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Published in Vol. 3. №1, 2015

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