The authors of the article on the basis of literary and archival materials restore scientifi c biography of academician V.F. Zelenin. This topic is free of clichés and distortions, usual for anniversary works. There is f reminiscent a documentary history of the forgotten State higher medical school and founded by him Medico-biological Institute in the article. On the huge historiographical material authors reveal the formation of domestic electrocardiography and clarify the role of the V.F. Zelenina in "the doctors case".