History

Background: A person who has metabolic syndrome is more likely to experience diabetes, heart disease, and strokes. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for maintaining healthy bones, immune system strength, and the control of insulin and glucose metabolism, among other physiological processes. Decreased vitamin D levels have been linked to an elevated likelihood of depression because vitamin D is crucial for healthy brain functioning. Aim: The current study's objective was to evaluate vitamin D levels in people with metabolic syndrome and depression and determine how their health would improve if their levels were raised. Method:100 depressed individuals with metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency participated in the study, which was divided into two groups: 50 depressed patients with metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency were placed in Group 1 and given antidepressants, diet control, and vitamin D replacement therapy. Group 2: 50 individuals suffering from depression who also had metabolic syndrome and a vitamin D deficiency underwent diet control and antidepressant treatment. Blood pressure, physical activities, and food habits were among the sociodemographic and clinical variables that were collected. The following laboratory tests were performed: liver functioning, renal functioning, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, vitamin D, and HbA1c. The cutoff point for vitamin D deficiency was <20 ng/mL. The clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency have been assessed. To evaluate depression, the Arabic version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-ARABIC) was utilized. Results: The average age was 50.8 ± 6.6 years and 52.4 ± 6 years, with BMIs of 32.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2 and 32.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2, correspondingly, in the vitamin D as well as control groups. The baseline mean score of the BDI-II scale was 19.55 ± 6.18 for the control group and 18.99 ± 5.95 for the vitamin D group with no significant differences between the groups (p=0.058). After 6 months of intervention, the mean score for the control group was 18.19 ± 4.17 and 16.77 ± 2.77 for the vitamin D group with a significant difference between the groups (p=0.039). By using the ANCOVA test for in-between groups comparison, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.029). Following six months, there was a great significant difference between the control and vitamin D group according to weight loss, DM, HTN, dyslipidemia, and depression (p<0.001). There was a significant variation between the two groups in the mean increase of 25(OH) D serum levels (16.8 ± 5.8 ng/ml for the vitamin D group vs. 0.8 ± 4.4 for the control group, p-value <0.001). The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome and hypertension stayed significant after controlling for physical activity and eating patterns. Conclusion: Although the extent, nature, and implications of this association are uncertain, vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with higher blood pressure, depression, and the metabolic syndrome, in particular.