NOTICE: We are pleased to announce that the History of Medicine Journal has recently transitioned to the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform. Authors and readers can now search for articles using the new search functionality available on the OJS platform. Please note that the old URL will soon be redirected to the new OJS links, ensuring a seamless transition. We appreciate your patience during this update and encourage you to explore the enhanced features of our new platform. Contact: editor@nnpub.org Founders of the Journal “History of Medicine” I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Private Nonprofit Organization “Foundation of the development of new medical technologies”. Published since 2014. Published quarterly, since 2021 – twice. The Journal “History of Medicine” is available in print and electronic forms both in Russian and English. Beginning the first half of 2015, the scientific and practical journal “History of Medicine” will be included in the “Rospechat” catalogue. The subscription index is 70937. The journal “History of Medicine” Registered as mass media (registration certificate from PI № FS77-55229 from 4 September, 2013); ISSN 2311-6919 (Russian ed. Print), ISSN 2409-5583 (Russian ed. Online), ISSN 2500-2910 (English ed. Print), ISSN 2409-5834 (English ed. Online); Website in English and Russian languages, where electronic versions of the articles in pdf format are available; The journal is on the list of the peer-reviewed scientific issues recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for publishing the main results of the dissertations; Presented in the Russian Science Citation Index; Presented in the Federal Electronic Library of Medicine; Indexed in Ulrich’s Periodical Directory; Presented in the EBSCOhost databases and leading international academic and educational organizations (ZB MED, University of Exeter, Electronic journals library (EZB), Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB), etc.). Carries out a mandatory delivery.
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A Case Report Of Ptosis Correction In Bpes Blepharophimosis – Ptosis Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome
The blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome is characterized by shortening of the horizontal orbital fissure (blepharophimosis), congenital ptosis and epicanthus inversus. The condition may occur either as an autosomal
Dr. Mohit Srivastava,Dr. Priyanka Dubey,Dr. Lovepreet Kaur Billing,Dr. Anshu Sharma,Dr. Shikha Pawaiya
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Histopathological Spectrum of Lung Lesions in Unclaimed Dead Bodies: An Autopsy-Based Study
Unclaimed and homeless individuals are highly vulnerable to infectious and chronic diseases, with respiratory disorders being a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Postmortem histopathological examination of lungs provides valuable insights into the prevalence of pulmonary disease in this neglected population
Autopsy, Histopathology, Lungs, Unclaimed bodies, Homeless, Pulmonary lesions
Dr Vishal Sharma,Dr Raja Rupani,Dr Vivek Singh,Dr Sumit Tellewar
Forensic and Clinical Significance of Nutrient Foramen: A Morphometric Study on Adult Human Tibia
All long bones in the human body receive blood supply from a nutrient artery, which enters the bone through the nutrient foramen. Typically, this foramen is located away from the bone's growing end [1]. In the tibia, the upper end is the growing end, so the nutrient foramen is generally directed downward.
Dr Vishal Sharma,Dr Alok Tripathi,Dr Sumit Tellewar
Unilateral Closed Lip Schizencephaly with Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Schizencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of the central nervous system, characterized by abnormal clefts or slits in the cerebral cortex. Both genetic and non-genetic factors, such as prenatal infections or ischemia, have been implicated in its etiology
Focal cortical dysplasia, magnetic resonance imaging, closed-lip schizencephaly, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, developmental delay.
Dr. Ruchi,Dr. Raghvendra Narayan,Dr. Sakshi Agarwal,Dr. Manisha Bhojwani
Prevalence of noise induced hearing loss in truck drivers in Western Uttar Pradesh.
Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a growing public health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. Truck drivers are at high risk of NIHL due to prolonged exposure to loud engine noises, traffic sounds and other environmental factors.
Noise induced hearing loss; Prevalence; Truck drivers. Occupational health, Hearing conservation, Prevention strategies
Sunil Kumar Singh Bhadouriya, Varsha Raghuvanshi , Rekha Singh, Sameeksha Mishra, Anisha Mohan, Aashrey Garg
Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Medical versus Surgical Abortion: A Prospective Single-Centre Study
Termination of pregnancy in the first trimester is commonly performed by medical or surgical methods, both proven to be safe and effective (Ref 3). Comparative prospective data from Indian centres are valuable for guiding counselling
medical abortion; surgical abortion; vacuum aspiration; manual vacuum aspiration; outcomes; contraception
Dr. Poonam Gusain,Dr. Sunita Bansode,Dr. Sunita Gulati
Diagnostic Accuracy of Hysterosalpingography Compared with Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Chromopertubation in Evaluation of Tubal Factor Infertility: A Prospective Study
Tubal factor infertility remains a major contributor to female infertility and accounts for a significant proportion of delayed conception, making accurate assessment of tubal patency essential for targeted management.
Hysterosalpingography, Laparoscopy, Chromopertubation, Tubal factor infertility, Diagnostic accuracy
Dr. Gaargi Khanna,Dr. Sunita Bansode,Dr. Sunita Gulati,Dr. Poonam Gusain
Sonographic Assessment of Placental Thickness in the Third Trimester as a Predictor of Perinatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Placental morphology governs the intrauterine environment, influencing fetal growth, oxygenation, and nutrient transfer, making it a critical determinant of perinatal health. The use of ultrasonographic placental thickness
Placental thickness, Ultrasonography, Fetal growth restriction, Birth weight, Perinatal outcome
Dr Ankita, Dr Sunita Bansode, Dr Sunita Gulati
A STUDY OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES AND SERUM LACTATE IN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD
Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major driver of COPD-related morbidity and healthcare utilization. Electrolyte derangements and elevated serum lactate are frequently observed during exacerbations and may reflect the severity of respiratory failure and systemic stress.
Acute Exacerbation of COPD; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Serum Electrolytes; Serum Lactate; Dyselectrolytemia; Hyponatremia; Hypokalemia; Hypochloremia; Hypocalcemia; Arterial Blood Gas; Hypercapnia; Hypoxemia; Respiratory failure; ICU Admission; Prognostic Markers
Dr.Paras,Dr.Manoj Kumar Sahani,Dr.Megha Vats,Dr. Mohit Vashist
SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF IMMEDIATE DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA
Immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla has grown increasingly prevalent due to the demand for expedited esthetic rehabilitation. However, the short-term biological and functional outcomes remain a topic of continual investigation as soft-tissue stability, primary stability, and early marginal bone remodeling may differ from conventional delayed protocols. This prospective clinical study evaluated 76 implants placed immediately after extraction in the anterior maxilla to quantify short-term outcomes in terms of implant stability, marginal bone loss, and soft-tissue contour changes during the first twelve weeks. Results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in implant stability quotient from placement to twelve weeks (p < 0.001), modest early marginal bone remodeling averaging 0.42 ± 0.18 mm, and favourable soft-tissue adaptation with mean mid-facial recession of 0.27 ± 0.09 mm. A novel observation was that labial plate thickness greater than 1.5 mm strongly predicted minimal early bone change (p < 0.01), suggesting the potential for preoperative CBCT-based risk stratification. No implant exhibited early failure, and only two presented with transient mucosal inflammation that resolved with standard care. The findings support immediate implant placement as a predictable short-term approach in the anterior maxilla when appropriate anatomical criteria are met, providing new evidence regarding early tissue dynamics relevant for esthetic zone planning.
Copyright (c) 2021 Sohail Fareed, Saima Munir, Muhammad Amjad Bari, Tariq Javed, Qurat Ul Ain, Khalil Ahmad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
ASSESSMENT OF MANDIBULAR ASYMMETRY IN SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION USING CBCT
Mandibular asymmetry represents a key diagnostic determinant in skeletal Class III malocclusion, yet conventional two-dimensional evaluations often fail to capture the full extent of three-dimensional discrepancies. This study aimed to quantify condylar, ramal, and body asymmetry using cone-beam computed tomography and to identify structural patterns predictive of transverse and sagittal imbalance. A prospective cross-sectional design was employed to analyse 98 subjects diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion, revealing several previously underreported asymmetry gradients across mandibular subregions. Significant differences were observed between the deviated and non-deviated sides in condylar volume (p < 0.01), ramal height (p < 0.001), and body length (p < 0.001). Novel findings demonstrated that rotational asymmetry correlated strongly with condylar angulation rather than condylar size alone (p < 0.05), suggesting a more complex biomechanical basis for mandibular deviation than linear discrepancies can explain. Additionally, subjects with greater ramal discrepancy exhibited more severe transverse midline deviation (p < 0.01), indicating a potential early diagnostic marker. These results highlight the capacity of CBCT to detect subtle skeletal variations that influence surgical planning, offering new insights into three-dimensional mandibular morphology. The findings support the integration of volumetric assessment as a standard component of orthodontic diagnostic protocols to enhance precision in treatment planning for skeletal Class III deformities.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sohail Fareed, Saima Munir, Muhammad Amjad Bari, Tariq Javed, Qurat Ul Ain, Khalil Ahmad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE JAW IN POST-TRAUMATIC AND POST-EXTRACTION CASES
Post-traumatic and post-extraction osteomyelitis of the jaw remains a significant maxillofacial challenge, particularly where delayed presentation and microbial variability influence disease progression. This investigation evaluated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of these two etiological groups using a prospective analytical design to identify statistically meaningful distinctions in disease behaviour. The objective was to determine differential risk patterns, treatment response, and healing trajectories while emphasising newly observed trends in early radiographic transformation and microbial virulence profiles. A total of 124 patients were analysed, revealing a notably higher prevalence of cortical perforation, sequestration burden, and delayed mucosal healing in post-traumatic cases compared with post-extraction counterparts (p < 0.01). Mean time to clinical resolution was significantly prolonged in trauma-related disease, whereas post-extraction cases demonstrated earlier granulation stability and superior antibiotic responsiveness (p < 0.05). These outcomes reinforce the concept that etiological classification directly informs pathological severity and suggests that post-traumatic osteomyelitis may involve a more complex interplay of ischemic compromise and polymicrobial colonisation. The findings provide an updated perspective that enhances current understanding of etiological risk stratification and supports refinement of diagnostic thresholds in maxillofacial infection management. This study demonstrates that early prediction of clinical trajectory is feasible through combined radiographic-clinical profiling, offering a novel contribution to the field.
FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF UNSTABLE INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE TREATED WITH INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL WITH BUTTRESS PLATE
Unstable intertrochanteric fractures are common among elderly populations and are associated with high morbidity and functional disability. Achieving stable fixation in osteoporotic bone remains a challenge. I
Intertrochanteric fracture, unstable fracture, intramedullary nail, buttress plate, PFN, osteoporotic fractures, functional outcome, radiological outcome
Dr. Akshay Chauhan,Dr. Himanshu Bajpai,Dr. Sudhanshu Shekhar,Dr. Anirudh Tiyagi,Dr. Vaibhav Aneja
Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders and Their Effect on Academic Performance Among Nursing Students
Menstrual disorders are a significant public health concern, particularly among adolescent and young adult females
This study focuses on key aspects such as menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and their prevalence among nursing students.
Dr. Abhimanyou Singh Jasrotia,Dr. Anju Gahlot,Dr. Atul Kumar Singh,Dr. S. P. Singh,Dr. Anas Ahmad Khan,Dr Poonam Kushwaha
A Cognitive-Linguistic Analysis of Language Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Tanzeem-al-Lissan Special Education School Faisalabad, Pakistan
The paper has examined how cognitive processing is associated with language impairment in children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at Tanzeem-al-Lissan Special Education School, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Employed a mixed-method research design. The study involved the linguistic and cognitive characteristics of thirty children (20 boys and 10 girls) aged between 5 and 12 years based on the Children Communication Checklist (CCC-2), Narrative Retelling Tasks, the Executive Function (EF) tests, and parental questionnaires. The quantitative results indicated that pragmatic and executive impairments were severe although most kids demonstrated moderate structural language capabilities. Pragmatic language showed a high level of correlation with EF (r = 0.68, p < .01), which proves that social communication is supported by cognitive control. The difficulties in turn taking, topic maintenance, and bilingual code-switching were identified with the help of qualitative observations. Bilingual children did a little higher in narrative and pragmatic tasks and it could indicate that multilingual exposure has a cognitive advantage. The paper also finds that ASD language disorders are intensely cognitive and socio-cultural, but not linguistic. It suggests culturally tailored diagnostic and treatment instruments, bilingual therapy and teacher training to provide effective intervention in the educational setting in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Purification and Biotechnological Potential of Laccase Produced by Aspergillus niger Using Surface Fermentation
Laccases are versatile multicopper oxidases with wide-ranging industrial and environmental applications due to their ability to oxidize diverse phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. In the present study, laccase was produced by Aspergillus niger through surface fermentation and subsequently purified to enhance its catalytic efficiency and stability. The purification process involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and chromatographic separation, which yielded a highly active laccase fraction with improved specific activity. The enzyme was characterized for its optimal pH, temperature stability, and substrate specificity. Results revealed that the purified laccase exhibited significant potential in the decolorization of synthetic dyes, biodegradation of phenolic pollutants, and possible applications in biobleaching and food industries. The findings demonstrate that surface fermentation by A. niger offers a cost-effective approach for laccase production, and the purified enzyme holds promise as an eco-friendly biocatalyst for industrial and environmental biotechnology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liza*, Shakir Ullah, Hafsa Batool, Amna Iftikhar, Shahnawaz Bhatti, Amna waseem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Punjabi Cultural Ideology and Social Resistance: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Waris Shah’s Heer
This paper critically analyzed Heer by Waris Shah in terms of criticism to understand how the text establishes social norms, power structure, and moral reasoning of the eighteenth century in Punjab. Through the three-dimensional model by Fairclough, the research examined a total of eight thematic categories including patriarchy, resistance, honor, and love to divine justice and moral retribution. A purposive sample of verses was examined in the aspects of linguistic characteristics, intertextual resonances, and socio-historical connotations. The results indicated that the discourse of Shah criticizes and reinstates the same patriarchal precepts: though his poems critique the exploitation, injustice and feudal oppression, they also affirm communal morality and gender regimes. The discourse of accountability used by him through making use of imperatives, metaphors, idiomatic language, and moral judgments holds the capability to question social injustice but within the framework of an Islamic-Punjabi moral order. Notably, the analysis has shown the cultural memory into the text was not the only and Shah also inserting resistance, identification with the marginalized, and idea of moral retribution of the oppressors. This paper is a contribution to knowledge in the understanding of Heer as a literary work art and a socio-historical document which denotes continuity of culture, negotiation of morals and contestation of power.
Peace Education: A tool for promoting peace in terrorism-affected areas Secondary School’ Teachers’ perspectives
The contemporary world is under the curse of terrorism, affecting both developed and developing countries. Pakistan is one of these affected countries, especially the two provinces Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan being the most impacted provinces. Terrorism is a phenomenon that transforms peaceful societies into fearful and unstable ones. Education for Peace plays a critical role in mitigating terrorism and promoting peace by reinstating the values associated with a peace culture. This research explored the perceptions of secondary school teachers regarding the contribution of peace education to fostering peace in terrorism-affected areas. It was quantitative in nature, and 200 male secondary schools’ teachers were randomly selected from the two districts (Malakand and Lower Dir). Data was collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire and analyzed statistically based on percentages and frequencies. The majority of respondents were agreed that knowledge about peace and terrorism mitigates the effect of terrorism. Further, peace education can change attitudes toward creating a culture of harmony and peacefulness. The majority of respondents were strongly agreed that peace education is a dire need in terrorismaffected areas. It is recommended that peace education should be incorporated into the school’ curriculum and that teachers be provided with appropriate training to effectively deliver its content.
Copyright (c) 2024 AUTHOR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
A Comparative Study of Drug Regulatory Frameworks: United States FDA vs. European Medicines Agency
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), focusing on their drug regulatory frameworks, approval pathways, safety monitoring, and post-marketing surveillance systems. The study identifies key similarities and differences in their approaches
Somana Keerthana, Raghava.D, Nageswara Rao.K, Naga Sravani.P
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) of Zolpidem for Rapid Onset of Action in Insomnia
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used for short-term treatment of insomnia. It undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, leading to reduced bioavailability and delayed onset of action when administered orally in conventional tablet form. Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) offer a promising alternative
Zolpidem, Orally Disintegrating Tablets, Insomnia, Superdisintegrants, In-vitro Evaluation, Rapid Onset of Action, Direct Compression, Drug Release.
Vallabhaneni Divya,Praveen Guijula, D Raghava, Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao
Integrated Radiological and Anaesthetic Approaches in Image-Guided Interventions: A Clinical Study from Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur
Image-guided interventions represent a modern advancement in minimally invasive medicine, combining diagnostic precision with therapeutic efficiency. The success of these procedures relies heavily on the collaborative work
Radiology, Anaesthesiology, Image-Guided Interventions, Multidisciplinary Collaboration, CT-Guided Biopsy, Patient Safety, Procedural Sedation.
Dr. Manoranjan Kumar,Dr. Naresh Kumar,Dr. Vaibhav Pandey
Diagnostic Synergy Between Radiology and ENT: A Collaborative Analysis from Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur
The integration of Radiology and Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) has transformed diagnostic accuracy and clinical management in head and neck pathologies. This study emphasizes the collaborative role of radiological imaging in supporting ENT diagnosis and treatment planning, highlighting
Radiology, ENT, Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Sinusitis, CT Scan, MRI, Diagnostic Correlation.
The role of Iraqi satellite channels in urging the audience to participate in 2021 parliamentary elections
The research seeks (the role of Iraqi satellite channels in urging the audience to participate in 2021 parliamentary elections) to determine the role of satellite channels in the parliamentary elections and the extent of their contribution t
Satellite channels, elections , The audience,
Dr: Haider Falah Zaeid,Dr: Anmar Ghafil Saihood,Noor Kareem Yasir
Formulation and Evaluation of a Gastroretentive Floating Tablet of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Using Natural Gums
Ranitidine Hydrochloride, a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, its short biological half-life and narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal
Mothuri Tulasi,Praveen Guijula, Dr. D Raghava, Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao
Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films of Metformin Hydrochloride for Controlled Release
Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems offer a promising alternative for systemic delivery of drugs by avoiding first-pass metabolism and enhancing bioavailability. This project focuses on the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films
Metformin Hydrochloride, Mucoadhesive Buccal Film, Controlled Release, Solvent Casting, In-vitro Evaluation, Bioavailability, Drug Release Kinetics
Velugu Pavan Kumar, Praveen Gujjula, D Raghava, Kavala Nageswara Rao
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Labetalol Hydrochloride for Sustained Release
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have gained significant attention for their ability to deliver drugs in a controlled manner, improve patient compliance, and bypass first-pass metabolism. Labetalol hydrochloride
Labetalol Hydrochloride, Transdermal Patches, Sustained Release, Hypertension, Solvent Casting, Permeation Enhancer, Drug Release Kinetics.
Kallepalli Padma Kranthi, Praveen Gujjula , Dr. D Raghava, Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao
Formulation and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Microspheres of Pantoprazole for Targeted Drug Delivery
Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is widely used for the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Due to its acid-labile nature, conventional dosage forms may lead to degradation in the stomach
Manda Harika, Praveen Gujjula, Dr. D Raghava, Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao
Formulation and Evaluation of Donepezil-Loaded Transdermal Patches Using Natural Polymers
Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is widely used in the management of Alzheimer’s disease but suffers from poor bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal side effects. Transdermal delivery offers a promising alternative by maintaining steady plasma concentrations
Donepezil, Transdermal Patch, Sodium Alginate, Alzheimer’s
Samuel Gangula,Praveen Gujjula, Dr. D Raghava, Dr.Kavala Nageswara Rao
Development and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Meloxicam Using Superdisintegrants
Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. However, its poor solubility and delayed onset limit its clinical utility in acute conditions. This project aims to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablets (
Meloxicam, Fast‑Dissolving Tablets (FDTs), Superdisintegrants (Crospovidone, CCS, SSG), Direct Compression, In Vitro Dissolution
Nagabathula Arun Babu, Praveen Gujjula, Dr. D Raghava3 Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao
Development and Characterization of Thermoresponsive In Situ Nasal Gel of Rizatriptan for Migraine
Rizatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, is commonly prescribed for acute migraine attacks but suffers from low oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism. To overcome this limitation and ensure rapid onset of action
Rizatriptan, Thermoresponsive nasal gel, In situ gelation, Mucoadhesive polymer, Mucoadhesive polymer, Migraine management
Penmetsa hyma harshitha, Praveen Gujjula, Dr. D. Raghava, Dr. Kavala Nageswara Rao